Defective Moldings, Causes, and Remedies

Defects to be encountered in molding of Iupilon / NOVAREX are almost similar to those of other plastic materials. The defective causes and remedies of general grade and glass fiber reinforced grade are summarized in Tables 1･4-1 and 1･4-2, respectively. The effect that the mold temperature of glass fiber reinforced grade has on the appearance is indicated in Fig. 1･4-1. Table 1･4-3 shows the problems and remedies in an accurate molding.

Table 1･4-1 Defective causes and remedies of general grade

Defective molding	Cause	Remedy
Silver streaks (uniformly distributed in the direction of injection)	Moisture in the pellets	Dry the pellets thoroughly at 120℃. Do not allow the pellets to cool in the hopper. Perform free injection and observe the state of bubbling of the melt
Silver streaks (irregularly distributed and often shaped like a comet locally)	Overheating of the resin （i）Overheated spots in the cylinder or nozzle （ii）Stagnation of the resin in the cylinder or nozzle	（i）Lower the temperature of the overheated spots （ii）Clean the stagnant part or replace the stagnant part with a part free from stagnation
Brown discoloration	（iii）Over heating of the resin or too long dwell time （iv）Inadequate rotation speed of screws	（iii）Check the stagnant part and the joining part of the cylinder and nozzle （iv）Set the rotation speed of screw at 45‐ 60rpm.
Cloudy black specks and bubbles	Air trapped in the pellets	Raise the back pressure in a screw type Molding machine
Local discoloration	Insufficient venting of the mold and heat Generated by adiabatic compression of the air	Cut a 0．01mm～0．03mm deep vent in the parting face of the mold
Voids and black specks and silver streaks around the voids Stains	Adiabatic compression of the air entrapped in the resin in the mold. （i）Contamination by foreign matters or other resin. （ii）Contamination by eroded material of the molding machine. （iii）Fats or oils in contact with the melt	Change the position of the gate to obtain a uniform flow of the resin in every direction. Correct the eccentricity and non-uniform thickness of the core. Lower the injection （i）Pay enough attention to storage of the resin and feeding to the hopper. Clean the hopper, cylinder and nozzle. （ii）Inspect the sliding surface of the measuring unit, plunger sleeve, screws, non-return valve, and nozzle. （iii）Inspect the injection unit and the mold and prevent oil leakage.
Dark brown or black specks or particles	Peeling of a layer of decomposed resin formed on the internal surface of the cylinder	Clean the internal surface of the cylinder.Keep the temperature of the cylinder at 160‐180℃ when the operation is stopped.
Cloudy surface	Due to the use of a mold release agent	Polish the mold. Reduce the amount of a mold release agent.
Sink marks on the surface Or bubble inside	eShrinkage occurring during freezing is not sufficiently compensated by the holding pressure	（i）Prolong the application of the holding pressure （ii）Prevent heat loss from the nozzle. （iii）Enlarge the gate. （iv）Make the wall of the molded piece as thin as possible. （v）Attach the gate to the part with the largest wall thickness. （vi）Prolong the cooling time when sink marks are formed after release from the mold. （vii）Increase the feed cushion of pellets.
Mold flash	（i）Insufficient mold clamping force or too high injection pressure. （ii）Wearing off of the mold.	（i）Increase the mold clamping force or reduce the injection pressure and holding pressure. Inspect the mold. （ii）Renew the mold.
Difficult molt release or Deformation during molt release	（i）Larger mold release force required （ii）Vacuum created between the mold and the molded piece （iii）Mold release force not working on the part where the molded piece is adhered closely to the mold. （iv）Molded piece not sufficiently cooled during mold release	（ i ） Lower the holding pressure. Provide a sufficient draft and polish the mold. （ii）Attach a device to break the vacuum in the mold. （iii）Increase the number of ejector pins. （iv）Lower the mold temperature and speed up cooling （v）Prolong the cooling time
Short shot	（i）Too low cylinder temperature，too fast freezing of the passageway，too low mold temperature （ii）Too small wall thickness （iii）Irregular filling of cavities	（i）Raise the cylinder temperature，enlarge the passageway, raise the mold temperature and the injection rate，and improve the air vent of the mold （ii）Increase the wall thickness. （iii）Change the passageway to obtain simultaneous filling.
Ripple near edges	（i）Too low resin temperature (ii）Low injection rate	（i）Raise the resin temperature，particularly the nozzle temperature （ii）Perform high speed injection.
Jet flow, cloudiness near the gate	Caused by the cooled resin or the resin cooled by colliding with the mold being carried forward again by other resin melt	Enlarge the gate. Lower the injection rate. Change the position of the gate. Raise the nozzle temperature.

Table 1･4-2 Defective causes and remedies of glass fiber reinforced grade

FLow marks	Inadewuate flow of the melt （i）Rapid change in the cross section of the molded piece. （ii）Inadewuate flow of the resin melt around sharp corners	（i）Desin the molded piece such that the cross section changes not stepwise but smoothly. （ii）Round the sharp corners.
Weld marks	Cooling of the resin occuring brfore merging	Raise the resin and mold temperature and perform high speed injection. Enlarge the gate
Ripple near the gate	Cooling of the resin before the holding pressure working.	Enlarge the gate
Peeling of a surface layer from the molded piece (especially when bent)	Contamination by foreign matters and other resins.	Perform purge sufficiently.
Breakage of molded pieces	（i）Moisture in the pellets (Defects due to moisture are often unnoticeable) （ii）Too low nozzle temperature （iii）Resin cooled between the nozzle and the sprue bushing. （iv）Generation of internal stresses due to low mold temperature, too high injection pressure and holding pressure, and extremely non-uniform distribution of the wall thickness （v）Contamination by foreign matters.	（i）Dry the pellets at 120℃. Perform purge and examine the degree of resin bubbling. （ii）Raise the nozzle temperature and remove cold slug. Detach the nozzle from the mold after injection. （iii）Remove such cooled resin every time it is formed. Use a shut off nozzle ( iv ） Keep the mold temperature at 70 - 120℃.Lower the injection pressure and holding pressure and avoid excessive pressure after complete filling. Make the wall thickness distribution uniform （v）cylinder and nozzle and cleaning.

Defective molding	Cause	Remedy
Defect of surface gloss	（i）Low mold temperature （ii）Low holding pressure （iii）Low injection rate.	（i）Raise the mold temperature （at 110 ‐120℃ if possible）（ii）Raise the holding pressure （iii）Perform high speed injection
Defect of mold release	（i）Improper taper （ii）Inadequate position of ejector pins （iii）too high mold temperature. （iv）Short cooling time. （v）Too high holding pressure.	（i）Provide a proper taper in the range of 1／100‐1／50 （ii）Make adequate position of ejector pins （iii）Lower the mold temperature. （iv）Prolong the cooling time. （v）Lower the holding pressure.
Local burn	（i）Stagnation of the resin in the molding machine （ii）Overheating of the resin due to adiabatic compression of the air in the mold.	（i）Examine the molding machine. Dismantle and perform cleaning. （ii）Install the vent hole in the mold.
Hue non-uniform	（i）Specks of the resin and floating of glass fiber. （ii）Too severe hue limit	（i）Make the molding conditions proper. （ii）Widen the tolerance level of hue
Defect of strength of the weld part	（i）Apply the mold release agent too much. （ ii ） Inadequate position of the gate and distribution of the thickness.	（i）Decrease the applied amount of the mold release agent. （ii）Change the position of gate and re-examine the distribution of the thickness.